ⵜⵉⵖⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴳⵎⴰⵡⵉⵜ Tiɣist taragmawit Artificial intelligence
Tiɣist taragmawit (AI) tga tiɣist n imacinen (Machines) neɣ iseɣẓanen (Software), g unemgal n tiɣist n ufgan neɣ imudar. Tga awed iger n tezrawt g tsenselkimt (Computer science) nna isneflayen d izerrun imacinen iɣisen. 'AI' da tettaɣul awed ɣef imacinen s yiɣfawen-nnsen.
ⵜⵉⵖⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴳⵎⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵛⵉⵏⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵙⵖⵥⴰⵏⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴰⵔ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⵙⵍⴽⵉⵎⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⵔⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵛⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵖⵉⵙⵏ. ⵜⵉⵖⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴳⵎⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵎⴰⵛⵉⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵖⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.
Tasnetwilt n AI tettusemras bahra g temguri, tanbaḍt d tussna. Kra seg isnasen-nnes meqquren gan: inesmassuten n urezzu n uwib innernin (amm Arezzu n Google), inegrawen n usuter (recommendation systems) (amm Youtube, Amazon, d Netflix), armas n wawal n ufgan (amm Siri d Alexa), tihiritin tindehmanin (self-driving) (amm Waymo), imassen imessiriwen d isneflayen (Generative and creative) (amm ChatGPT d AI art), d umzizwer g uswir yattuyen g tsurarin tisetratijiyin (amm chess d Go).
Tettusersel tiɣist taragmawit amm unegraw akadimi g useggʷas n 1956. Izri yiger-a g mennawt tsutal n usserzeɣ (optimism) d gan annaz d uzellu n usiẓref (funding), maca ḍarat n useggʷas 2012, llig irzi ulemmud ineɣbi (deep learning) tisetwilin akkʷ n tiɣist taragmawit izrin, innerna usuẓref d unnezgem (interest).
Da ttsutulen idugran (sub-fields) imzarayen n urezzu n tiɣist taragmawit i mennaw isaɣden d ussemres n tugt n imassen. Uman isaɣden inemyuren n urezzu n AI aseɣẓen (reasoning), tagensest n tussunt (knowledge representation), asɣiwes (planning), alemmud, asemkel n tutlayt tagamant (NLP), turnant (perception), d usnal n tasenṛubut (Robotics). Tiɣist tamatayt (tazmert n ufessay n kra n umukris agacuran (arbitrary)) tga seg isaɣden n yiger-a g tizi iɣezzifen. Afad fsin imukrisen-a, imerza n AI ssrewsen d ssidfen tagrumma imirwen n tsetwilin (techniques) n ufessay n imukrisen, segi-sent arezzu d usfalki (optimization) asnaktan, tameẓla talɣant (formal logic), tiratsiwin tizelmanin (neural networks) tiragmawin, d tarrayin iskuttin ɣef tesnaddadt (statistics), arezzu n tmehlin, d tdemsa. Innal AI awed ɣef tesnimant (psychology) d tesnilest (linguistics) d tfelsuft d tsenzellumt (neuro-science) d tugt n yigran yaḍen.
- ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵙⴷⴷⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴳⵎⴰⵡⵉⵜ Tasemseddut n tiɣist taragmawit Mechanism of artificial intelligence :
• Asegru d usemkel n isefka (Data collection and preprocessing)
• Taseflest n tussfa d ufran (Feature extraction and selection)
• Asluɣmu n talguritemt (Algorithm training)
• Aktazal d usnam n uzuret (Model evaluation and fine-tuning)
• Afsar n uzuret d ulemmud immezdin (Deployment and continuous learning)
- ⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴳⵎⴰⵡⵉⵜ Anawen n tiɣist taragmawit Types of artificial intelligence :
• Tiɣist taragmawit ikerruẓn (Artificial Narrow Intelligence)
• Tiɣist taragmawit tamatayt (Artificial General Intelligence)
• Taberɣist taragmawit (Artificial Superintelligence)
- ⵜⵓⵎⵏⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴳⵎⴰⵡⵉⵜ Tumnigin d tuzdirin n tiɣist taragmawit Positives and negatives of artificial intelligence :
• Tumnigin: Da takka tiɣist taragmawit tizemrin tisazlalin (incredible) n usfalki n tiṛwi (efficiency) d usnerni n ufares. Yallfus-as ad tsemkel tismektiwin (quantities) tibararin (vast) n isefka s temmri imeqquren d uslaḍ-nnsen s unɣad (precision). Tezmer awed ad tettelmad seg isefka ilemma tesfalki amlazmar (performance) n teɣlifin (tasks) ittyalasen. Da tettawes g usekkir n teɣtasin (decisions) ineɣdan (accurate) d tella kudenna tt-trid.
• Tuzdirin: Meqqar ancet n tumnigin nna illan dar tiɣist taragmawit, ɣur-s mennawt tuzdirin. Yallfus ad tesreg g wufuḍ n tugt n twuriwin tnefganin. Gi-s awed imukrisen g tinnutla (privacy) s usrag n usegru d uslaḍ n isefka udmawanen.
- ⵉⵙⵏⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴳⵎⴰⵡⵉⵜ Isnasen n tiɣist taragmawit Applications of artificial intelligence :
• Taggaẓt tadusant (Healthcare)
• Tisanayin tisimanin (Autonomous vehicles)
• Asemkel n tutlayt tagamant (Natural language processing)
• Tasenṛubut (Robotics)
• Tinafutin tiẓerfanin (Financial services)
• Tastagt taliktṛunit (E-commerce)
• Akkaz n wawal d tugniwin (Image and speech recognition)
• Imawasen urdanen (Virtual assistants)
• Allalen iɣisen n tgemmi (Smart home devices)
• Urar (Gaming)
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